Recursive symmetries for geometrically complex and materially heterogeneous additive manufacturing

We present a generative method for the creation of geometrically complex andmaterially heterogeneous objects. By combining generative design and additive manufacturing, we demonstrate a unique formfinding approach and method for multi-material 3D printing. The method offers a fast, automated and controllable way to explore an expressive set of symmetrical, complex and colored objects, which makes it a useful tool for design exploration andprototyping.Wedescribe a recursive grammar for the generation of solid boundary surfacemodels suitable for a variety of design domains.We demonstrate the generation and digital fabrication ofwatertight 2-manifold polygonalmeshes, with feature-aligned topology that can be produced on a wide variety of 3D printers, as well as post-processed with traditional 3D modeling tools. To date, objects with intricate spatial patterns and complex heterogeneous material compositions generated by this method can only be produced through 3D printing. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.